GAATW and our allies played a key role in lobbying for an internationally recognised definition of trafficking, yet from the outset we were wary of an exclusively crime control approach. Over the years, we have continued to note with frustration that although the criminal law framework is so invested in punishing the traffickers, the actual results of those efforts are not very encouraging.
Now twenty-five years after the UN Trafficking Protocol entered into force, it is an appropriate time for us to reflect in depth on the criminal law approach to trafficking. Whilst GAATW has long pointed out the negative impacts of this approach, we have not looked outside the criminal law or questioned what alternatives might exist.
To start to examine these questions, we held a two-day consultation on 17-18 November 2025 with feminist academics and activists, anti-trafficking practitioners and advocates of restorative justice and alternative justice approaches.